Is Freedom Derived From Mental Faculties - 1153 Words

At the risk of generating what may initially seem as a platitude or trite response, the totality of my experiences have led me to the conclusion that what matters most to me, is freedom derived from mental faculties. My conception of freedom was not only instilled by way of existing in a brute and regimentally structured organization, but by experiencing some of the most terrific geographies in the world. One learns of the value of an education fairly quickly because the distinction between enlisted and officer is so poignant. Those with knowledge or a particular skill set were valued and treated differently. I vowed to not be in a similar position, so long as I can help it. This freedom doesn’t just confer treatment or salary distinction, it forges a rationality that allays fear from the unknown. Several moments in my life illustrate this understanding. My first true understanding came when I encountered modern slavery for the first time while in the Middle East. People mostly of Indian, Nepalese, or Pakistani descent, have their passports removed and contracts torn upon arriving in rich Gulf States, then forced to work in excess of 14-hours a day. They dwelled in structures without running water or electricity and slept 5-10 people a room. Military personnel were not allowed to confront abuses witnessed even though we frequently interacted with them. Never will I forget their soul crushing looks of anguish and helplessness. How poverty, information asymmetry, and theShow MoreRelatedEthics Protocol1635 Words   |  7 Pagesprior to beginning any research involving human participants. The University Human Research Ethics Committee (UHREC) reviews all Faculty and Staff research, as well as some student research (in cases where the research involves more than minimal risk - please see below). Research funds cannot be released until appropriate certification has been obtained. For faculty and staff research Please submit one signed copy of this form to the UHREC c/o the Research Ethics and Compliance Unit, GM-1000Read MoreGeorge Rousseau And John Locke1502 Words   |  7 PagesMorality is the differentiation of intentions, actions, and decisions, between what is right or good, and what is wrong or bad. It can also be characterized as a body of principles or standards, derived from religion, philosophy or culture. There are different proposed systems of expressing morality, which include deontological and utilitarianism ethical systems, among others. Many philosophers have been attempting to explain the actual meaning of morality. Both Jean Rousseau and John Locke advocatedRead MoreComparing Schmitt s And Arendt s Theory Of The Political1260 Words   |  6 PagesTo conceptualize this view, philosophers Schmitt and Arendt present their interpretations on the political. The central thesis to my paper is then, to present both Schmitt’s and Arendt’s concept of the political a nd discern which is the most viable from of governing. Schmitt’s structure of the political rest in the friend-enemy distinction dictated by the sovereign. Opposite his view is Arendt, who perceives the political existing with the masses so as to ensure happiness exist. In today’s politicalRead MoreEssay on Utilitarianism and the Case for Euthanasia1353 Words   |  6 PagesUnitarianism and the Case for Euthanasia One of greatest moral issues facing society today is that of freedom. Freedom is a principle that this country was founded on at the start of its inception. Freedom is still a cause that requires our attention. The great debate on simple liberties such as the right to decide what happens to one’s body is still an issue that society has failed to resolve. It is a moral quandary that will continue to be discussed and a deliberated on as long as humankind areRead MoreAnimal Rights Against Animals And The Land Ethic2486 Words   |  10 Pagesand what this means for humans. The need to understand the intrinsic, or inherent value of animals allows us to see the base from which their claim to rights is derived. Inherent value refers to the idea that animals are valuable in themselves, not in what they provide us. Tom Regan, an animal ethicist, sets out the moral grounding from which we can see one of the ways from which animals derive inherent value. Regan claims that animals have i ntrinsic value as a result of inhabiting life. It does notRead More The Free Will in Meditations on First Philosophy by Descartes3767 Words   |  16 Pagesuniversally valid epistemology free from skepticism. Hoping for the successful reconciliation of science and theology, Descartes works to reconstruct a new foundation of absolute and certain truth to act as a catalyst for future scientific research by â€Å"showing that a mathematical [rational-objective] physics of the world is attainable by creatures with our intellectual capacities and faculties† (Shand 1994, p. 84). Descartes’ conception of absolute and limitless â€Å"freedom,† which he ascribed to humanityRead MoreThe Right to Die Essay examples1587 Words   |  7 Pageslanguage and setup a base from which we can go into this information. Beliefs cannot become moral standards simply because individuals so label them. American Idealism: which is that the individual is more important than the whole. Universal Precepts: are tell the truth, respect the privacy of others, protect confidential information, obtain consent before invading another person’s body, do not kill, do not cause pain, do not steal or otherwise deprived of goods, prevent harm from occurring to othersRead MoreJohn Stewart Mill s Theory Of Utility3157 Words   |  13 Pagesdistinguished moral actions from immoral ones. This principle states actions are viewed as desirable if they promote pleasure or prevent pain. â€Å"Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proporti on as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.†(Pg.13) According to Mill, these are the only preferable ends and all human actions exist for, and are influenced by, those two common ends. â€Å"Pleasure, and freedom from pain, are the onlyRead MoreEthics of Research With Human Participants2623 Words   |  11 PagesEthics of Research with Human Participants Authors Name Course Title Instructors Name Date Table of Contents Abstract 3 Outline 4 Introduction 6 Main Ethical Issues in Human Subjects Research 6 Freedom from Coercion 6 Informed Consent 7 Limited Deception 8 Adequate Debriefing 9 Confidentiality 10 Significance and Impact of Ethics of Research on my daily life 11 Role I would play as a King of the World to improve the fate of mankind and benefit the lives of people byRead More John Stuart Mill on Individual Liberty Essay2353 Words   |  10 Pagesvital role in political society. To Mill, this phrase may be defined as the liberty of the individual to be the final judge over his actions; to decide what is right and wrong and to act upon that standard. On a secondary level, it also implies ones freedom to pursue ones own individuality. Mill believed in a society in which each individual leads his own distinctive life according to his own unique talents; unfettered by regulations upon thought, opinion, actions etc. However, Mill asserts an important

Supply Chain Management Case Study - 869 Words

Kevin Lane Professor Wenninger Microeconomics 25 March 2015 Supply Chain Management Tom Greening once said, All management begins with planning† (Tom Greening). Those who study and research supply chain management will agree that the aforementioned quote holds true in their field. Companies looking to reduce their costs and better their customer service often look to implement supply chain management. In order to effectively execute successful supply chain management one must acknowledge the importance of demand management, communication, collaboration, integration, and technology. According to Investopedia, supply chain management is defined as the streamlining of a business supply-side activities to maximize customer value and to†¦show more content†¦Along with demand management, effective communication and collaboration improve overall efficiency and production of the supply chain. Good communication ensures that all of the company’s team members are on the same page, this way each member can perform his or her duty on time and respond to a change in demand. Communication between members can act as an advantage, for example if a new product becomes available they can jump on it right away and get it on the market as fast as possible. Integration provides a different type of advantage than communication and collaboration because it helps to reduce costs. For instance, Wal-Mart calls upon their suppliers to share up-to-date information on demand to route their products to Wal-Mart’s warehouses, from there the products are shipped to the stores in need, with minimum time in inventory. This integration allows Wal-Mart’s to reduce costs significantly, enabling them to offer customers highly competitive pricing. Technology plays a very important role in the management of the supply chain. Not only does technology make communication and collaboration easier but it also allows for better insight into the demand signals that drive product schedules. Teleconferencing technology allows for company managers to meet face to face on the computer instead of having to fly or drive to wherever their headquarters may be located, ultimately saving the company a lot of dollars. Technology has also improved companies’ inventoryShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Supply Chain Management1182 Words   |  5 PagesSupply chain management is currently an important aspect in Management Information System. So much technology and brainpower have been used to improve the performance. In this decade electronic data interchange has made the process flexible, automatic warehousing and rapid logistics. Every organizations are trying to make their supply chain management more accurate using quick response, efficient cu stomer response, mass customization, lean and agile manufacturing. (Fisher, 1997) Value and rate ofRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1028 Words   |  5 PagesSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN RETIAL INDUSTRY: CONCEPTS, STRATEGIES AND WALMART CASE STUDY Mian Wang CID: 01090728 Imperial College Business School, MSc Management ABSTRACT With the rapid increase of operation cost and fast development of E-commence in today’s retail industry, traditional operation management models are antiquated. Companies attempt to enhance competitive capacity through management innovation, and an increasing amount of attention is paid to their supply chain management forRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1925 Words   |  8 Pagesimportant role in the Supply Chain Management sector of business, and majority of the companies involved in Supply Chain Management have adopted new and improve technologies to gain a competitive edge, and become leaders within their industry. Supply Chain Management has become one of the leading industries in business. Companies recognized that in order to get their products to retailers and consumers on a timely manner they have to implement successful Supply Chain Management strategies. CompaniesRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management3682 Words   |  15 Pages Strategic Supply Chain Management Mini Project Report Study of Supply Chain Management in Jewellery Industry of India Submitted by: Bhawana Saraf (2014PGP104) Prakhar Nagori (2014PGP121) Raghav Bhatnagar (2014PGP124) Vinay Jain (2014PGP142) Yashvardhan Kabra (2014PGP143) Title: A study of contemporary trends in supply chain management in Jewellery industry in India. Introduction: Jewellery Market of India India s gems and jewellery industry had a market size of Rs 251,000 crore (US$ 40Read MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management3763 Words   |  16 PagesAND SUPPLY CHAIN TERM PAPER: DELL– SUPPLY CHAIN STUDY SRUJANA SACHIDANANDA KHOT RedID: 818471037 DATE: 4/27/2015 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Dell is well known for its uniqueness and the innovativeness in its supply chain. They were the pioneers for selling the PC at the cheaper rates. They ranked 2nd in the computer distributors. The benchmark of their successful company was because of their unique Supply Chain Management which used the ‘Built – to – order’ and ‘Direct Sale Strategies’. Supply chainRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1151 Words   |  5 Pages Supply chain management The three major phases of the production network, acquisition, generation and circulation, have been overseen freely, cushioned by extensive inventories. Expanding focused weights, and business globalization are constraining firms to create supply chains that can rapidly react to client needs. To stay focused, these organizations must decrease working expenses while persistently enhancing client administration. With late advances in correspondences and data innovation, andRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1344 Words   |  6 PagesTo succeed in today’s competitive markets companies must learn to align their supply chains with the demand of the markets they serve. Supply chain performance is now a distinct competitive advantage for companies who excel in this area. Supply Chain Management(SCM) is defined as a set of approached utilized to efficiently integrate suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses and stores, so that merchandise is produced and distributed at the right quantities to the right locations and at the time in orderRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1040 Words   |  5 PagesSupply Chain Management covers a broad spectrum of jobs and responsibilities. It deals with the production, transportation, and distributions of goods. (National Career Service) The purpose of a supply chain manager is to make sure that these processes are done and documented correctly in an efficient manner. (Rutgers) An interview with a Distribution Manager at Kelloggs provided some insight on how their company does things. They have everything well organized in a way to streamline production processesRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management943 Words   |  4 PagesWhen supply chain managers are brought together it is the common goal to focus on the process of getting the consumers product though the forward supply chain as quick and efficiently as possible. However, there is a need to focus on the scope of the returns process too. â€Å"Companies can no longer afford to treat reverse logistics management as an afterthought. It needs to be a core capability within the supply chain organization. For years, most shippers paid little attention to returns† (DowlatshahiRead MoreCase Study : Supply Chain Management1004 Words   |  5 PagesDiary Flat Highway, Albany, Auckland – 0632. Assignment – 2 Supply chain optimisation Introduction A supply chain management may be defined as the process involving all the activities like planning, organising, implementing and controlling the cost effective flow of goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption. This involves various other activities which is required to add value to the product along the supply chain like procurement, sourcing and conversion of the products. There

Philosophy Of Medicine Essay Example For Students

Philosophy Of Medicine Essay The book, the Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Anne Fadiman is anobjective look into the world of two different cultures and their beliefsystems. The viewpoints of the Hmong and of the American doctors represent Hmongculture and the root of Western medicine. The book takes into account how twocultures, rather, two completely opposite worlds are collided and theirimpact on each other (Fadiman 1997). The book uncovers the underlying meaning ofhow different Western medicine can be from different cultures and its challengesand consequences. In addition, Fadiman questions the very basics of philosophyby taking into account the simple metaphysics and moral ethics that face Liasdoctors and parents and what role society plays. The book questions the beliefsystem of Western medicine as well as the Hmong beliefs and cultural practices. Fadiman encourages us to think of the root of Western culture and medicine aswell as learning about the Hmongs beliefs. Which is more relevant? When apatient is in a life or death situation, whose opinion and expertise on medicineholds higher ground? In the case of Lia Lee, this was the problem. Why was Hmongculture and practice irrelevant in the eyes of the many doctors and nurses thatcared for Lia? Reading this book, it is obvious to see the philosophy of westernmedicine versus the Hmong culture. This book helps clearly define westernculture and its biomedical system by contrasting it to the Hmongs. The book,more than anything, else analyzes the epistemological, metaphysical, and moralviewpoints of both western medicine and that of the Hmong culture and questionstheir validity and effectiveness. Epistemology is the theory of knowledge(Tauber). In this book, the theory of knowledge can be posed by one question. How did Leaget sick? This question leads to two different viewpoints Western medicineand culture and the Hmong. The root of Western medicine is biomedicine. Whatmakes biomedicine unique and sets it apart from other cultures is the idea thatthere is only one answer and one truth behind that. Simply stated, it is amatter of facts and the question of what, not how(Tauber). This is the primarydifference between Hmong culture and Western medicine. In the book, Liasdoctors wanted to know the one problem that was causing Lia to have severeseizures. They neglected to ask how Lia got sick. The view of Lias parentswas the complete opposite. They wanted to know how Lia got sick and if thismeant Lia was blessed with a gift and would become a txiv neeb(Fadiman). To understand the epistemological perspective of the Hmong, we must first takeinto account their cultural identity and how they practiced it. The Hmong wereadamant in their belief system and were wary of the doctors in Merced in therecare of Lia. Under their care, they believed; Lia would have been healed. TheHmong cultures to cure an illness, in Lias case the quag dab peg, there wereanimal sacrifices made. Lias parents say that Lias soul had left her whenher sister had unintentionally slammed the door. This rationalization that thedoor frightened Lia and was the cause of the series of medical problems shewould face, is an example of the epistemological view of Lias parents. It wasinteresting to read in the book, as Faddiman recounts, the way the doctorstreated Lias parents. Because of the cultural barrier, communication problemspertained to everything from signing a document to administration of medicationfor Lia. Because of the cultural barrier, there were problems of moral ethics aswell. Did the doctors ever take into account the parents wishes for their child?Lias parents believed that the only medication they were willing to give Liawould be the kind that would be fast and preferably in a pill. The Hmong cultureis against shots and blood being taken in large quantities as well as anythingthat could affect the dab and cause evil spirits to enter her soul(Fadiman). Epistemologically speaking, the doctors had a completely different viewpoint ofwhat happened to Lia than her parents. From the doctors point of view, theirmain concern was not primarily how Lia got sick but rather where the existenceof the illness came from. There main goal as Lias doctors was to stop theseizures that were taking control of Lias body and to do that they needed toknow where the problem was located. Was the uncontrollable epilepsy caused by aneurological deficit in Lias brain? On the other hand, was there somethingmicroscopic that the doctors could not see that caused Lia to have a uniquedisease that had nothing to do with normal standard epileptic patients? This iswhere the Hmong perspective and the view of Western medicine take differentpaths. One could question if they were ever on the same path to begin with. Thedoctors questioned where the illness came from while the Lias parents askedhow. Epistemology is derived from the Greek episteme, meaningknowledge, and logo s, which has several meanings, including theory.(www.comptons.com). Whereas metaphysics is concerned with the underlying nature of reality,epistemology deals with the possibilities and limits of human knowledge. Ittries to arrive at a knowledge of knowledge itself(www.md.com). It is also aspeculative branch of philosophy and tries to answer such questions as: Is theworld as people perceive it the basic reality, or do people perceive onlyappearances (or phenomena) that conceal basic reality? What are the boundariesbetween reason and knowledge, on the one hand, and what some thinkers call theillusions deriving from metaphysics? What is the basis for knowledge? Is itobservation, experience, intuition, or inspiration? On the other hand, is theresome other basis?(www.comptons.com) In Lias case, the basis for knowledgestemmed from two completely different cultures. The belief and basis forknowledge that the Hmong had believed for years centered on the sprit and thedab. Western medicine was far more narrow and straightforward dismissing anyidea that the pra ctices and rituals of the Hmong would be of any help. Knowledgemay be regarded as having two parts. There is, first, what one sees, hearstouches, tastes, and smells. Next there is the way these perceptions areorganized by the mind to form ideas or concepts. The problem of epistemology isbased on how philosophers have understood the relationship of the mind to therest of reality(Tauber). The Hmong believed in animal sacrifice and treating thebody with herbs and liquids rather than injecting the patient with needles anddrawing blood. This process harms the individual according to the Hmong, anddamages it so the soul will have a harder time coming back. One of the primaryconcerns with the treatment of Lia was the medication she was on. Since doctorsdid not know for certain what Lia had and what was causing her seizures,numerous combinations and doses of medicine were given. From the doctorsperspective it was all they could do at the time(Fadiman 97)). Lias parentsbelieved that the admi nistration of so many drugs was the problem. In addition,the cultural barrier led to frustration and anger when medication was not givenproperly and when Lias parents decided against western medicine. Since theVietnam War ended in 1975, approximately 150,000 Vietnamese refugees have beguntheir lives in the United States in Westminster, Calif., and a community southof Los Angeles in Orange County(Fadiman 97). Similarly, ethnic communities ofLaotians and Cambodians sprang up in such states as Texas, Louisiana, Illinois,Washington, Oregon, Virginia, Minnesota, Florida, and Pennsylvania. Californiahad the largest concentration of all Indo-Chinese groups, except for theIndo-Chinese Hmong, formerly a mountain-dwelling people of Vietnam and Laos,whose largest community was in Minnesota(www.comptons.com). Each group had itsown language and culture and preferred to live isolated from the others. Therefugee problem in Southeast Asia had been escalating ever since large-scalebombing attacks we re launched on North Vietnam in the mid-1960s. By the end ofthe conflict thousands were homeless and thousands more sought refuge from thevictorious Communists. American military forces evacuated many of the Vietnamese(among who were large numbers of ethnic Chinese). As repression and genocidefollowed the Communist takeover, still more refugees fled. Among them were vastnumbers of boat people, who used any sea vessel at their disposal to escapeIndochina. Many were first sheltered in refugee camps throughout Southeast Asiabefore reaching the United States(www.comptons.com). While these immigrants wereallowed into the United States under various refugee laws, the government soughtthe help of volunteer agencies to find American sponsors and to arrange for jobsand housing. The immigrants were then sent to various parts of the country tobegin new lives. The governments purpose in this program was to scatter themand thus prevent the growth of ethnic colonies such as the one that developed inWestminster(www.comptons.com). The plan failed quickly. Not long after theiroriginal settlement, the refugee families, driven by loneliness, began torelocate to ethnic communities. Thus, the present settlement of the Indo-Chineserefugees developed from this second migration. These resettled immigrants foundlife difficult. While most of the first Indo-Chinese refugees had beenwell-educated city dwellers, the later arrivals came from rural backgrounds andhad limited, if any, schooling. (The Hmong, for example, were subsistencepeasants without a written language.) They did not speak English, and their fewskills were useless in an urban, industrialized society. Many suffered fromphysical and psychological traumas that they had experienced before fleeingIndochina(Fadiman 97). Desperate for money and humiliated by their oppressedsituation, a few turned to criminal activities, but most worked hard to becomeless dependent upon public aid. Members of large families usually helped oneanoth er with living expenses and education costs. The origin of Hmong, I felt,was an important component in understanding where the Hmong came from and why,in America, they secluded to themselves far more than any other race. Fadimangoes into detail about the history of the Hmong and their culture struggle tokeep their identity. What I found interesting was that even in America where theHmong attained their freedom, they were still unhappy. The cultural barrier wasnever broken partially because the Hmong did not want to assimilate and losethemselves. Consequently, they often secluded themselves and did not botherlearning English and finding jobs. What they wanted most of all was a piece ofland where they could grow food and livestock to survive and practice theirbeliefs. Ironically, they fled their country to be free and came to America,only to feel the opposite. In Lias case, there was an underlying question toLias sickness. The main question was why did Lia get sick? The doctorsquestio ned the existence of Lias sickness while her parents questioned whythere ever was an illness. Lias doctors looked to rationalism and logic whileher parents took this as a sign to mean that her symptoms made her special. Theysaid that Lias condition was because she possessed a special trait that thetxiv neeb also possessed. Her parents thought she was blessed in a way. Death Returns To Formula One Racing EssayPhilosophers have said for thousands of years that people do not willingly dowhat is bad for themselves but may do what is bad for others if it appears thatgood for themselves will result. It has always been difficult to define what isgood and how one should act to achieve it(www.askjeeves.com). Some teachers havesaid that pleasure is the greatest good. Others have pointed to knowledge,personal virtue, or service to ones fellow human being. Individuals, and wholesocieties, have performed outrageous criminal acts on people, and they havefound ways to justify doing so based on some greater good.(Blais 93)The difficulty in deciding what good and obligation are has led moralphilosophers to divide into two camps. One camp says that there are no definite,objective standards that apply to everyone(Blais 93). People must decide whattheir duties are in each new situation. Others have said that there arestandards that apply to everyone, that what is g ood can generally be known. Ifthe good is known, the obligation to pursue it becomes clear. The position thatinsists there are ethical standards is called ethical absolutism, and theone that insists there are no such norms is called ethical relativity(Blais 93). One of the clearest and most useful statements of ethical absolutism came fromAristotle in his Nichomachean Ethics (Blais 93). He realized that what peopledesire they regard as good. Nevertheless, to say no more than this means thatall desires are good no matter how much that they conflict with one another. Consequently, there can be no standards at all. Aristotle solved this problem bydelineating between two types of desirenatural and acquired(www.comptons.com). Natural desires are those needs that are common to all human beings such as foodand shelter. Beyond these, people also have a desire for health, knowledge, anda measure of prosperity. By being natural, these desire, or needs, are good foreveryone. Since there can be no wrong basic needs, there can be no wrong desirefor these needs(www.comptons.com). However, there are other desires as well. These are not needs but wants. It is at the level of wants that the nature ofgood becomes clouded. Individuals may want something they desire as a good, butit may be bad for them. People with sound judgment should be able to decide whatis good for them, in contrast to what is only an apparent good(Blais 93). Thissound judgment comes with experience. Young children have little experience ofwhat is good or bad for them, so they must be guided by parents and otheradults. Mature adults, however, should be able to decide what is good for them,though history demonstrates that this is not always the case. People must decidewhat is good for others as well as for themselves(Fadiman 97). That is, theyexpect that goods for them apply equally to other people. To be able to treatothers in the same way one treats oneself, Aristotle said it is necessary tohave the three virtues of practical wisdom: temperance, courage, andjustice(www.comptons.com). Relativists do not believe that there areself-evid ent moral principles that are true for everyone. They say that peoplesmoral judgments are determined by the customs and traditions of the society inwhich they live(Blais 93). This is a clear example of why the Hmongs viewsdiffered from Western culture. These may have been handed down for centuries,but their age does not mean they are true standards. They are simply norms thata certain society has developed for itself. What is right is what society saysis right, and whatever is considered good for society must be right. If thiswere the case, did Lias doctors do everything they could? Were they cloudedby the mentality that Western medicines was superior to the Hmong culture anddisregard the practices that Lias parents strongly believed would save theirchild? If the doctors had taken a different approach from the beginning andhired interpreters and had not been one-sided in their beliefs, would Liasfate be changed? As with life, all choices involve risk. There are no principlesor stand ards that are right for all people at all time. New situations demandnew approaches. What was once valid may be inappropriate now. In the world ofthe 20th centurywith its rapid changes, endless wars, and moral upheavaltheideas of existentialism have seemed correct to many people in theworld(www.comptons .com). Some existentialists base their position onreligion(Blais 93). Even here they say it is impossible to fall back on morallaws or principles in making decisions. Choices must be made on faith, often inconflict with traditional moral guidelines. Individuals trust that what they aredoing is right, but they can be entirely wrong. They commit themselves to theunknown, and the decision can often be an agonizing problem. The Hmongsbeliefs were based on their faith in the healing power of their medicine. BeforeLia became severely ill, Hmong did not entirely dismiss Western medicine. Theydid, however, believe that a combination of the two would be more effective thanjust Western medicin e. Students of comparative ethics have found that mostsocietiesfrom the ancient to the modern periodshare certain features intheir ethical codes(Blais 93). Some of these have applied only within a society,while others have been universal. Most societies have had customs or lawsforbidding murder, bodily injury, or attacks on personal honor and reputation. Societies rely on rules that define elementary duties of doing good andfurthering the welfare of the group. In societies where the majorreligionsJudaism, Christianity, Islam, and Buddhismare predominant, the dutyof helping the needy and the distressed has been implanted(www.comptons.com). These obligations extend beyond family to acquaintances and even strangers. Telling the truth and keeping promises are also widely regarded as duties. WhenLia was taken away to a temporary foster home, the doctors promised Liasparents that she would return to them in six months. When their promise fellthrough and Lia was not returned as promised, Lias parents began todisbelieve the system, which was intended to protect the individual. The UnitedStates represents a series of ideals. For most of those who have come to itsshores, it means the ideal of freedomthe right to worship as one chooses, toseek a job appropriate to ones skills and interests, to be judged equallybefore the law. It means the ideal of the frontier, of overcoming obstaclestaming the West, curing diseases, voyaging to the planets(Fadiman). It means theideal of progressthat personal life and political, social, and economicinstitutions will improve through hard work, fair play, and honest endeavor. Itmeans the ideal of democracythe right to be heard as an individual, the rightto cast a ballot i n a free election, the right to dream of a better life and towork toward ones goals(Fadiman). The Hmong did not have this voice, nor felttheir opinions mattered in the case of Lias health. In America they felt likeforeigners, in their homeland they felt the same. The fate of Lia Lee may havebeen different if not for ignorance, superiority in Western medicine, and acultural barrier that still continues today. Bibliographywww.md.health www.comptons.com Blais, Debbie. The ethics of specialization. Unpublished paper. University of Alberta (1993). Fadiman, Anne. The SpiritCatches You and You Fall Down. Noonday Press. Canada, (1997). Philosophy

The dramatic devices Essay Example For Students

The dramatic devices Essay Look closely at the opening of the play up to the inspectors entrance. Analyse the dramatic devices Priestly employs to create atmosphere and set up his central theme.  J.B Priestly employs many dramatic devices throughout the play to great effect. Some help add atmosphere whilst others set up his central theme. In turn this enhances the audiences understanding of, An Inspector Calls and enables them to fully appreciate Priestlys political views. J.B Priestly is very prescriptive about the set and characterisation. His instructions are precise and clear, therefore not leaving much open to interpretation. When comparing both Priestlys instructions and the performance itself, there are considerable differences. Priestly wanted the general effect to be heavily comfortable and substantial but not cosy and homelike. However according to his stage directions there is only one table, centre down stage, with no mention of the rest of the stage. This could lead us to believe that the rest of the stage was plain. Seated round the table are the four Birlings and Gerald Croft. Priestlys directions are so detailed that he has even written the seating arrangement. We will write a custom essay on The dramatic devices specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The recent London staging of the play was completely different, but Priestlys intended effect was nevertheless achieved. The play is set in 1912, although it was not written or performed until 1945. The stage is set out with a trapdoor downstage right and a mailbox just upstage from that. At the very beginning of the play the theatre is meant to look old and run down. Children, who are supposed to be evacuees from 1945, rise up from the trapdoor. The stage layout demonstrates to the audience that the play is actually set in 1912. The evacuees come up on to the stage and begin playing with the radio. As they touch other props, the stage comes to life, the lights come on and the story, An Inspector Calls, begins. There is a phone box downstage right and a lamppost on the street. The house is raised on stilts; I think this is meant to be symbolic, showing the Birling familys elevated status in society. Edna, the maid is seated on the street lower down. This helps to illustrate the wide gap in society and symbolises Ednas inferior position. The house is shut off to the audience, so it is apparent from the beginning of the play that the Birling family wishes to shut itself off from others. It also helps emphasise Arthur Birlings idea that every man should look after himself. Laughing and celebrating can be heard from within, but only light can be seen. This helps create a celebratory and carefree atmosphere. The street is fairly rundown, dull and a complete contrast from the house itself. People are throwing rubbish out from the windows and it is raining. This could be to indicate that in 1912 there were far more poor people than well off people like the Birlings. The stilts of the house are flimsy and thin, which reflects the familys relationship with each other. At the end of the play the house comes crashing down, just like the familys relationship. Priestly wanted the lighting to be pink and intimate up until the point when the Inspector arrives. This change in the lighting is an effective dramatic device and creates a complete contrast in atmosphere. The atmosphere changes from celebratory and carefree to tense and uncomfortable.  The introductory stage directions set the authors desired tone for each of the characters. This is to ensure that the actors portray them precisely as Priestly intended. Priestly would like Arthur Birling to be rather portentous whilst Sybil, his wife should be rather cold. Sheila is supposed to be very pleased with life and rather excited, whilst Eric is characterised as half-shy and half assertive. Gerald is described as an easy well bred young man about town. .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5 , .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5 .postImageUrl , .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5 , .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5:hover , .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5:visited , .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5:active { border:0!important; } .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5:active , .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5 .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b2b613999cd5beb3a525bee37904ce5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo and Juliet starts with Romeo 'lovesick' over a woman called Rosaline EssayThe performance was fairly modern therefore more extra effects were added. Although they were obviously not written in the text, if they could have been used when the play was written it is likely Priestly would have included them. Things like smoke to create an eerie atmosphere at the beginning, different music to add suspense, the rain and the staging, all come under this category.  J.B Priestly wrote the play An Inspector Calls in 1945 just as the Second World War was coming to an end. The play is set in the year 1912, a time when many aspects of society were unjust. Priestly demonstrates this point by creating a microcosm of society in the play An Inspector Calls. The gap between the rich and poor was very wide, and life for the unemployed was especially difficult. The people who were generally worse off were the working class young women. In 1912, it should be noted that over 8 million young women were earning less than 25 shillings a week, and it was into this category that Eva Smith fell. The play was written at an exceptionally good time because Priestly and the audiences had seen how the nation pulled together throughout the war and worked together to achieve one common goal. During the war class did not divide society. There was no rich or poor, everything was rationed so people looked the same, wore similar, drab clothes and ate comparable foods. In the armed forces rich and poor alike shared barracks and were treated equally. Both rich and poor children were evacuated together and lived with each other. Everyone was employed and there was a good sense of morale and togetherness. Barriers built up by class were demolished. Priestly wanted to inspire his audience to create that same atmosphere and that sense of caring for one another now that the war had finished. He wanted the end of the war to promote change, so people worked as a unit, not just for their own appetites or prejudice.

Free Essays on Intersection Of Differences

An Intersection of Differences Samuel R. Delaney’s The Einstein Intersection is a part fantasy, part science fiction novel exploring a fresh re-telling of the story of Orpheus- a legendary Thracian poet and musician whose music had the power to move even inanimate objects and who almost succeeded in rescuing his wife, Eurydice, from Hades. Delany uniquely recreates this myth and adds modern day legends such as Ringo Star, Elvis and pop-icons to the mix, providing the reader with a link to the past and a reminder of recurring archetypes of the human experience. It is a mythic tale of a strange future Earth inhabited by an alien race who have assumed human form- at least, initially there was a strong resemblance. Cultural taboos prohibit any pair from producing more than one offspring, and the occasional pilgrimage to a high Rad site encourages an ever larger gene pool and with every generation divergence from the human mold increases. With the human form the aliens also acquire human myths and mannerisms. Somehow humanity’s baggage of archetypes is resonating from beyond the grave. The aliens are compelled to assimilate the rationale of this world: from Greek mythology to legendary Ringo Starr- the silent one, the demi-god of rhythm. The title of the book is made relevant as part of Delany’s usage of mythology by an explanation late in the book of the importance of Gà ¶del and Einstein and the possible future implications of their work: Wars and chaoses and paradoxes ago, two mathematicians between them ended an age and began another for out hosts, out ghosts called Man. One was Einstein, who with his Theory of Relativity defined the limits of man’s perception by expressing mathematically just how far the condition of the observer influences the thing he perceives. [†¦] The other was Gà ¶del a contemporary of Einstein, who was the first to bring back a mathematically precise statement about the vaster realm beyond t... Free Essays on Intersection Of Differences Free Essays on Intersection Of Differences An Intersection of Differences Samuel R. Delaney’s The Einstein Intersection is a part fantasy, part science fiction novel exploring a fresh re-telling of the story of Orpheus- a legendary Thracian poet and musician whose music had the power to move even inanimate objects and who almost succeeded in rescuing his wife, Eurydice, from Hades. Delany uniquely recreates this myth and adds modern day legends such as Ringo Star, Elvis and pop-icons to the mix, providing the reader with a link to the past and a reminder of recurring archetypes of the human experience. It is a mythic tale of a strange future Earth inhabited by an alien race who have assumed human form- at least, initially there was a strong resemblance. Cultural taboos prohibit any pair from producing more than one offspring, and the occasional pilgrimage to a high Rad site encourages an ever larger gene pool and with every generation divergence from the human mold increases. With the human form the aliens also acquire human myths and mannerisms. Somehow humanity’s baggage of archetypes is resonating from beyond the grave. The aliens are compelled to assimilate the rationale of this world: from Greek mythology to legendary Ringo Starr- the silent one, the demi-god of rhythm. The title of the book is made relevant as part of Delany’s usage of mythology by an explanation late in the book of the importance of Gà ¶del and Einstein and the possible future implications of their work: Wars and chaoses and paradoxes ago, two mathematicians between them ended an age and began another for out hosts, out ghosts called Man. One was Einstein, who with his Theory of Relativity defined the limits of man’s perception by expressing mathematically just how far the condition of the observer influences the thing he perceives. [†¦] The other was Gà ¶del a contemporary of Einstein, who was the first to bring back a mathematically precise statement about the vaster realm beyond t...

Evolution of Hair Color

Evolution of Hair Color Imagine a world with only brunettes in it. That was the world when the first human ancestors first started to appear as primates adapted and speciation created the lineage that would eventually lead to our modern-day humans. It is believed the very first hominids lived on the continent of Africa. Since Africa is directly on the equator, sunlight shines directly down throughout the entire year. This impacted evolution as it drove the natural selection of pigments in humans as dark as possible. Dark pigments, like melanin, help block harmful ultraviolet rays from penetrating into the body through the skin and hair. The darker the skin or hair, the more protected from the sunlight the individual is. Once these human ancestors started migrating to other places throughout the world, the pressure to select for skin and hair colors as dark as possible let up and lighter skin colors and hair colors became much more common. In fact, once the human ancestors reached latitudes as high north as what is known today as the Western European and Nordic countries, skin color had to be much lighter in order for the individuals living there to get enough Vitamin D from the sunlight. While darker pigmentation in skin and hair block unwanted and harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun, it also blocks other components of sunlight that are necessary for survival. With as much direct sunlight as countries along the equator get on a daily basis, capturing Vitamin D is not an issue. However, as human ancestors migrated farther north (or south) of the equator, the amount of daylight varied throughout the year. In the winter, there were very few daylight hours in which the individuals could get out and ob tain the necessary nutrients. Not to mention it was also cold during these times which made it even more unappealing to get out during the daylight at all. As these populations of migrating human ancestors settled in these colder climates, pigments in the skin and hair started to fade and give way to new color combinations. Since hair color is polygenic, many genes control the actual phenotype of hair color in humans. That is why there are so many different shades of colors seen in different populations throughout the world. While it is possible that skin color and hair color are at least somewhat linked, they are not so closely linked that various combinations are not possible. Once these new shades and colors emerged in various areas around the world, it started to be less of a natural selection of traits than a sexual selection. Studies have been done to show that the less abundant any given hair color is in the gene pool, the more attractive they tend to be for suitors. This is thought to have led to the proliferation of blonde hair in Nordic areas, which favored as little pigment as possible for maximum absorption of Vitamin D. Once blonde hair began to be seen on individuals in the area, their mates found them more attractive than the others who had dark hair. Over several generations, blonde hair became much more prominent and proliferated over time. The blonde Nordics continued to migrate and found mates in other areas and hair colors blended. Red hair is most likely the result of a DNA mutation somewhere along the line. Neanderthals also most likely had lighter hair colors than those of their Homo sapien relatives. There was thought to be some gene flow and cross-breeding of the two different species in the European areas. This probably led to even more shades of the different hair colors.

MD4 Assgmnt 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MD4 Assgmnt 1 - Essay Example The criticism on PowerPoint is also focused on a state of boredom and fatigue of the slide-based presentations. This boredom can be attributed to poor planning by the presenter. Failure to arrange your presentations in time can create a bad presentation. Failure to know to know the audience makes it tricky for the presenter to tailor the content. If the tone fails to go in line with the display, then it becomes uneasy for the audience to get the picture of your presentation. This can only be achieved by planning what to present to the audience before you create your visual aid. One also needs to develop a straightforward outline that visibly develops the main points. This should be followed by creating visual aids to support your intended message. One should also use visual aids in moderation where need be. These aids should also be made observable to the whole audience. One must also ensure that you are talking to the audience but not the aid. The substance of aid should be explained when one first show it. Continuity of the presentation is needed when making a presentation. This assists the audience to get the big depiction of your presentation. Visual continuity also helps to keep the presentation in